How logic gates turn simple rules into computation
A logic gate produces an output from one or more binary inputs according to a fixed rule. An AND gate outputs 1 only when both inputs are 1; an OR gate outputs 1 when at least one input is 1. Connecting many gates creates circuits that can compare values, add numbers and control other operations.
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Small rules become larger circuits
A logic gate implements a simple relationship between inputs and an output. Electronic circuits use voltage ranges to represent the logical values 0 and 1.
An AND gate requires both inputs to be 1 before its output becomes 1. An OR gate produces 1 when either or both inputs are 1. A NOT gate reverses a single input.
The power comes from connecting these rules. One gate's output can become another gate's input, allowing a circuit to perform more complicated operations.
- Gates can combine conditions.
- Networks of gates can perform arithmetic.
- Circuits with stored state can preserve information between operations.
A processor does not need a separate physical device for every possible answer. Its circuits transform input patterns according to their wiring and the instructions controlling the operation.