#medieval

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How the Black Death changed bargaining over labour

The Black Death killed a large share of Europe's population in the fourteenth century, with the major initial wave arriving in 1347. Labour shortages altered bargaining between workers and employers in many places. Higher demands for pay and official attempts to restrict them followed, though outcomes differed across regions.

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england

Magna Carta began as a settlement in a political conflict

Magna Carta was issued in England in 1215 during conflict between King John and rebellious barons. It addressed grievances and placed written constraints on royal conduct. It was not a declaration of equal rights for everyone, although later generations gave parts of it a much broader constitutional significance.

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