#optics

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How optical fibre guides light around a route

Optical fibre carries information using light guided through a thin core surrounded by cladding. The core and cladding have different refractive indices, helping confine suitable light paths inside the fibre. A receiver detects the transmitted signal and converts it back into electrical information.

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physics

How raindrops separate sunlight into a rainbow

A rainbow forms when sunlight bends as it enters raindrops, reflects inside them and bends again on leaving. Different colours bend by different amounts, so they emerge in different directions. You see an arc because only droplets at particular angles send each colour towards your eyes.

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